鲜花/明星图像爬取URL获取查看返回值的分析方法总结

前言

我们在学习机器学习相关内容时，一般不需要自己爬数据，因为很多算法学习很友好的帮我们打包相关数据，但这并不代表我们不需要学习和关于它的知识。这里我们学习了三种数据的爬取：鲜花/明星图片的爬取、中国艺人图片的爬取、股票数据的爬取。分别学习和使用三种爬虫。

鲜花/星图抓取网址获取

查看返回值进行分析，可以看到图片系统在ThumbURL中

下载流程代码

import requests
import os
import urllib
class GetImage():
    def __init__(self,keyword='鲜花',paginator=1):
        self.url = 'http://image.baidu.com/search/acjson?'
        self.headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
        }
        self.keyword = keyword
        self.paginator = paginator
    def get_param(self):
        keyword = urllib.parse.quote(self.keyword)
        params = []
        for i in range(1,self.paginator+1):
            params.append(
               'tn=resultjson_com&logid=10338332981203604364&ipn=rj&ct=201326592&is=&fp=result&fr=&word={}&queryWord={}&cl=2&lm=-1&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&adpicid=&st=&z=&ic=&hd=&latest=&copyright=&s=&se=&tab=&width=&height=&face=&istype=&qc=&nc=1&expermode=&nojc=&isAsync=&pn={}&rn=30&gsm=78&1650241802208='.format(keyword,keyword,30*i)
            )
        return params
    def get_urls(self,params):
        urls = []
        for param in params:
            urls.append(self.url+param)
        return urls
    def get_image_url(self,urls):
        image_url = []
        for url in urls:
            json_data = requests.get(url,headers = self.headers).json()
            json_data = json_data.get('data')
            for i in json_data:
                if i:
                    image_url.append(i.get('thumbURL'))
        return image_url
    def get_image(self,image_url):
        ##根据图片url，存入图片
        file_name = os.path.join("", self.keyword)

        #print(file_name)
        if not os.path.exists(file_name):
            os.makedirs(file_name)
        for index,url in enumerate(image_url,start=1):
            with open(file_name+'/{}.jpg'.format(index),'wb') as f:
                f.write(requests.get(url,headers=self.headers).content)
            if index != 0 and index%30 == 0:
                print("第{}页下载完成".format(index/30))
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        params = self.get_param()
        urls = self.get_urls(params)
        image_url = self.get_image_url(urls)
        self.get_image(image_url=image_url)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    spider = GetImage('鲜花',3)
    spider()

星图抓取

if __name__ == '__main__':
    spider = GetImage('明星',3)
    spider()

其他主题

if __name__ == '__main__':
    spider = GetImage('动漫',3)
    spider()

艺人图片爬取方法一方法二代码

import requests
import json
import os
import urllib
def getPicinfo(url):
    headers = {
       'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:101.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/101.0',
    }
    response = requests.get(url,headers)

    if response.status_code == 200:
        return response.text
    return None
Download_dir = 'picture'
if os.path.exists(Download_dir) == False:
    os.mkdir(Download_dir)
pn_num = 1
rn_num = 10
for k in range(pn_num):
    url = "https://sp0.baidu.com/8aQDcjqpAAV3otqbppnN2DJv/api.php?resource_id=28266&from_mid=500&format=json&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&query=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%89%BA%E4%BA%BA&sort_key=&sort_type=1&stat0=&stat1=&stat2=&stat3=&pn="+str(pn_num)+"&rn="+str(rn_num)+"&_=1580457480665"
    res = getPicinfo(url)
    json_str = json.loads(res)
    figs = json_str['data'][0]['result']
    for i in figs:
        name = i['ename']
        img_url = i['pic_4n_78']
        img_res = requests.get(img_url)
        if img_res.status_code == 200:
            ext_str_splits = img_res.headers['Content-Type'].split('/')
            ext = ext_str_splits[-1]
            fname = name+'.'+ext
            open(os.path.join(Download_dir,fname),'wb').write(img_res.content)
            print(name,img_url,'saved')

股票数据抓取

我们抓取股票数据并存储数据

爬取代码

# http://quote.eastmoney.com/center/gridlist.html
import requests
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import json
import csv
import  urllib.request as r
import threading
def getHtml(url):
    r = requests.get(url, headers={
        'User-Agent': UserAgent().random,
    })
    r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
    return r.text

# 爬取多少
num = 20
stockUrl = 'http://52.push2.eastmoney.com/api/qt/clist/get?cb=jQuery112409623798991171317_1654957180928&pn=1&pz=20&po=1&np=1&ut=bd1d9ddb04089700cf9c27f6f7426281&fltt=2&invt=2&wbp2u=|0|0|0|web&fid=f3&fs=m:0+t:80&fields=f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f8,f9,f10,f12,f13,f14,f15,f16,f17,f18,f20,f21,f23,f24,f25,f22,f11,f62,f128,f136,f115,f152&_=1654957180938'
if __name__ == '__main__':
    responseText = getHtml(stockUrl)
    jsonText = responseText.split("(")[1].split(")")[0];
    resJson = json.loads(jsonText)
    datas = resJson['data']['diff']
    dataList = []
    for data in datas:
        row = [data['f12'],data['f14']]
        dataList.append(row)
    print(dataList)
    f = open('stock.csv', 'w+', encoding='utf-8', newline="")
    writer = csv.writer(f)
    writer.writerow(("代码","名称"))
    for data in dataList:
        writer.writerow((data[0]+"t",data[1]+"t"))
    f.close()
def getStockList():
    stockList = []
    f = open('stock.csv', 'r', encoding='utf-8')
    f.seek(0)
    reader = csv.reader(f)
    for item in reader:
        stockList.append(item)
    f.close()
    return stockList
def downloadFile(url,filepath):
    try:
        r.urlretrieve(url,filepath)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
    print(filepath,"is downLoaded")
    pass
sem = threading.Semaphore(1)

def dowmloadFileSem(url,filepath):
    with sem:
        downloadFile(url,filepath)
urlStart = 'http://quotes.money.163.com/service/chddata.html?code='
urlEnd = '&end=20210221&fields=TCLOSW;HIGH;TOPEN;LCLOSE;CHG;PCHG;VOTURNOVER;VATURNOVER'
if __name__ == '__main__':
    stockList = getStockList()
    stockList.pop(0)
    print(stockList)
    for s in stockList:
        scode = str(s[0].split("t")[0])
        url = urlStart+("0" if scode.startswith('6') else '1')+ scode + urlEnd
        print(url)
        filepath = (str(s[1].split("t")[0])+"_"+scode)+".csv"
        threading.Thread(target=dowmloadFileSem,args=(url,filepath)).start()

数据处理代码

有可能当时抓取的数据是脏数据。运行下面的代码可能跑不通。您需要自己处理数据或其他方法

## 主要利用matplotlib进行图像绘制
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import csv
import 股票数据爬取 as gp
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['simhei'] #指定字体
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False #显示-号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100 #每英寸点数
files = []
def read_file(file_name):
    data = pd.read_csv(file_name,encoding='gbk')
    col_name = data.columns.values
    return data,col_name
def get_file_path():
    stock_list = gp.getStockList()
    paths = []

    for stock in stock_list[1:]:
        p = stock[1].strip()+"_"+stock[0].strip()+".csv"
        print(p)
        data,_=read_file(p)
        if len(data)>1:
            files.append(p)
            print(p)
get_file_path()
print(files)
def get_diff(file_name):
    data,col_name = read_file(file_name)
    index = len(data['日期'])-1
    sep = index//15
    plt.figure(figsize=(15,17))
    x = data['日期'].values.tolist()
    x.reverse()
    xticks = list(range(0,len(x),sep))
    xlabels = [x[i] for i in xticks]
    xticks.append(len(x))
    y1 = [float(c) if c!='None' else 0 for c in data['涨跌额'].values.tolist()]
    y2 = [float(c) if c != 'None' else 0 for c in data['涨跌幅'].values.tolist()]
    y1.reverse()
    y2.reverse()
    ax1 = plt.subplot(211)
    plt.plot(range(1,len(x)+1),y1,c='r')
    plt.title('{}-涨跌额/涨跌幅'.format(file_name.split('_')[0]),fontsize = 20)
    ax1.set_xticks(xticks)
    ax1.set_xticklabels(xlabels,rotation = 40)
    plt.ylabel('涨跌额')
    ax2 = plt.subplot(212)
    plt.plot(range(1, len(x) + 1), y1, c='g')
    #plt.title('{}-涨跌额/涨跌幅'.format(file_name.splir('_')[0]), fontsize=20)
    ax2.set_xticks(xticks)
    ax2.set_xticklabels(xlabels, rotation=40)
    plt.xlabel('日期')
    plt.ylabel('涨跌额')
    plt.show()
print(len(files))
for file in files:
    get_diff(file)

总结

上面介绍了三种数据爬取的情况。不同的数据爬取需要我们获取不同的URL，输入不同的参数，如何组合URL，如何获取。这就是数据爬取的难点。有一定的经验和基础。